TypeScript catch block errors

Basic example Jump to heading

This example does not extract logic from the catch block

try {
  // something that might throw
} catch (error: unknown) {
  // do something with the error message
  if (error instanceof Error) {
    return error.message
  }
  return String(error)
}

    

Extract the error handling logic Jump to heading

const getErrorMessage = (error: unknown) => {
  if (error instanceof Error) return error.message
  return String(error)
}

const reportError = ({ message }: { message: string }) => {
  // send the error to our logging service...
}

try {
  throw new Error('Oh no!')
} catch (error) {
  const errorMessage = getErrorMessage(error)
  console.error(`🚀 ~ errorMessage`, errorMessage)

  // we'll proceed, but let's report it
  reportError({ message: errorMessage })
}

    

More robust example Jump to heading

The above solution might not fit all cases, since many frameworks throw errors that comply to the Error api, but aren’t instance of Error. 🔗

type ErrorWithMessage = {
  message: string
}

const isErrorWithMessage = (error: unknown): error is ErrorWithMessage => {
  return (
    typeof error === 'object' &&
    error !== null &&
    'message' in error &&
    typeof (error as Record<string, unknown>).message === 'string'
  )
}

const toErrorWithMessage = (maybeError: unknown): ErrorWithMessage => {
  if (isErrorWithMessage(maybeError)) return maybeError

  try {
    return new Error(JSON.stringify(maybeError))
  } catch {
    // fallback in case there's an error stringifying the maybeError
    // like with circular references for example.
    return new Error(String(maybeError))
  }
}

const getErrorMessage = (error: unknown) => {
  return toErrorWithMessage(error).message
}

    

Usage Jump to heading

try {
  throw new Error('Oh no!')
} catch (error) {
  const errorMessage = getErrorMessage(error)
  console.error(`🚀 ~ errorMessage`, errorMessage)
  // we'll proceed, but let's report it
  reportError({ message: errorMessage })
}

    

Some very detailed info can be found at https://joefallon.net/2018/09/typescript-try-catch-finally-and-custom-errors/